Right from the get-go, I’ll admit this subject is way out of my wheelhouse. But my bride of 48+ years, [Jacquelyne A. Bodden, MSN WHNP-BC] has considerable experience with women’s health issues. She has been a Registered nurse for 45 years and an Advance Practice Nurse Practitioner, specializing in women’s health for nearly 30 of those years. She is well respected in the medical community and by the thousands of patients she’s treated during her medical career. It’s her experiences and professional expertise that contributed to this article.
What follows is a rather candid and frank discussion on what can be considered an intimate and personal topic. This may be an uncomfortable and sensitive subject for some, but it’s a very important topic and one that you need to be aware of, if a hot tub is in your plans.
The Connection Between Hot Tubs and Women’s Health
Many women love the relaxation of a hot tub, but the question, “Can it lead to urinary tract infections (UTI’s) or vaginal pH imbalances?” We know that hot tubs and spas offer loads of therapeutic benefits, physically, mentally and even spiritually. However, concerns about bacterial exposure and chemical effects on vaginal health are valid.
We want to put your mind at ease regarding the perceptions that some women have about enjoying a hot-tub. The purpose of this article is to educate and inform women about the potential impact of hot tub use on their urinary tract health and vaginal pH balance. This blog will explain the scientific evidence behind the risks, address common myths and will provide prevention tips to help women completely delight in their spa experience . . . safely.
How Hot Tubs & Spas Can Contribute to UTI’s
Hot tubs create a warm, moist environment. It’s perfect for bacteria growth. Women, due to their shorter urethras and sensitive vaginal microbiomes, may be more susceptible to infections and pH disturbances. The combination of heat, prolonged soaking and exposure to spa chemicals can contribute to these issues.
- Bacterial Growth: Hot water encourages bacteria like pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can lead to UTI’s.
- Prolonged Soaking: Bacteria often enters the urethra more easily when submerged for extended periods.
- Chemical Imbalances: Chlorine and bromine may disrupt the natural protective barriers of the urinary tract.
Common Misconceptions About UTI’s and Hot Tubs
- “Only dirty hot tubs cause infections.”
Even well-maintained spas can harbor bacteria, especially if chemical levels fluctuate. - “If chlorine is in the water, it’s safe.”
Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis is a water borne bacteria that thrives in warm, moist environments and is resistant to chlorine. - “Hot tubs are riskier than pools.”
The fact is, pH levels and temperature play a vital role in urinary tract infections. Hot tubs and spas maintain higher temperatures than a swimming pool, making them an ideal breeding ground for bacteria.
Prevention Tips for Avoiding UTI’s in Hot Tubs
- Drink lots of water. Staying well hydrated helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
- Limit soak time to reduce prolonged exposure.
- Urinate after soaking to help eliminate bacteria.
- Ensure the spa is properly sanitized and well-balanced.
Hot Tubs and Vaginal pH Imbalance
A woman’s vagina maintains a delicate pH balance, normally within the range of 3.8 – 4.5. Chemicals routinely used in hot tubs and spas combined with elevated temperatures and prolonged moisture exposure, can frequently disrupt this precise balance. This leads to irritation and/or infections.
How Spa Chemicals Affect Vaginal pH
- Chlorine & Bromine: These disinfectants can strip away natural protective bacteria, leading to dryness and irritation.
- Hot Water Exposure: Extended soaking can alter the vaginal microbiome, making it more susceptible to imbalances.
Common Misconceptions About Vaginal Health and Hot Tubs
- “Only people with very sensitive skin will experience irritation.”
Any woman can experience pH imbalance due to chemical exposure and prolonged moisture. - “Using feminine washes after a soak fixes it.”
Harsh soaps will actually worsen the problem by further disrupting pH balance.
Diagnosis and Treatment for UTI’s
Clinical suspicion of an infection normally starts with a combination of a rash along with hot tub use (or swimming) 24-72 hours before the onset of symptoms. The most common locations a rash to develop is the upper thorax, the axillary folds, the hips, buttocks and the areolas. Areas covered by bathing suits are more likely to become infected. The head is usually not affected.
Other health issues associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis often targets immunocompromised individuals. In addition to UTI’s, it can cause a host of health related issues:
- Respiratory System Infections
- Dermatitis
- Soft Tissue Infections
- Hot Tub Rash
- Bone and Joint Infections
- GI Tract Infections
Treatment
Many people do not require treatment and will see the rash resolve on its own within 1-2 weeks. However, those who are are concerned about a UTI, especially those with increased risk factors should always contact their primary medical provider for evaluation.
Prevention Tips for Maintaining Vaginal Health in Hot Tubs
- Take a shower both before and after soaking in the tub to remove any excess chemicals.
- Avoid lounging or lingering in a wet swimsuit when you’re done in the hot tub.
- Use pH-friendly skincare products after spending time in the spa to restore balance.
What Women Should Consider Before Using a Hot Tub
Women at a higher risk will include:
- Pregnant women.
- Individuals with a history of frequent UTI’s or yeast infections.
- Those with sensitive skin or a history of irritation.
How Do I Choose the Right Hot Tub Routine?
- Hot tub water must be tested and adjusted regularly for the pH balance and bacteria control.
- Consider alternatives to chlorine. UV purification and ozone generation are solid options.
- If you’re experiencing any irritation, it’s best to contact your healthcare provider.
Spas and hot tubs don’t always cause infections or pH imbalances. Correct maintenance and the proper attention to water quality is crucial. It’s also important to note that improper hygiene and prolonged exposure will increase a person’s risk.
How to Increase Your Confidence Level in Preventing a UTI
Two key features that will significantly reduce the pathogens in warm water are ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone generation. You want to thoroughly enjoy your hot tub, so let’s help ease your mind by briefly explaining both and how they can help prevent urinary tract infections.
UV Light to Disinfect Water
Germicidal ultraviolet light is a proven technology that, combined with ozone generators and other chemical disinfectants (like chlorine and bromine), are quite effective in maintaining water quality in spas and hot tubs. The proper water chemistry balance, consistent maintenance and closely following manufacturers guidelines are essential for clean and safe hot tub conditions.
According to the U.S. EPA, these methods can:
- Help reduce the amount of chlorine needed to keep the water sanitized.
- Help reduce total dissolved solids that are clumped together and removed by the filter.
- Will increase the water’s longevity.
Effective Against Pathogens
UV light is a broad-spectrum germicide. It’s effective against bacteria, yeast, molds and viruses. Clinical studies have confirmed that UV light has led to reducing UTI rates.
Hot Tub Ozone Generator
Hot tub ozone generators introduce ozone into the water to disintegrate or oxidize contaminants. An ozone generator will also:
- Help reduce chemical usage and lowering maintenance expense.
- Helps eliminate contaminants for cleaner, fresher water and fewer unpleasant odors.
- Helps minimize potential skin and eye irritation often associated with high levels of chlorine.
We should note that, based on usage, UV light systems and ozone generators will periodically need to be replaced.
Water Purification
Effective water purification goes hand in hand with keeping your hot tub water safe and reducing the possibility of UTI’s. There are several methods for keeping clean, clear, safe water in your spa.
I think it’s also important to mention that ozone and reverse osmosis (RO) are not the same technology. They are two distinct processes with two different applications in water treatment. Ozone generation is primarily used for disinfection purposes. RO is used for removing a wide range of contaminants by filtering the water. RO does not kill bacteria or viruses.
Whoever is responsible for maintenance on the hot tub will benefit from the valuable information regarding water purification. It’s well worth five minutes of your time.
Conclusion
If you own or are planning to purchase a hot tub, routine and consistent maintenance and a few preventative measures are critical for enjoying all the benefits of hydro-therapy a hot tub offers.
Our hot tub spas offer optional UV and ozone generators on all models to ensure a wonderful and safe hot tub experience. We recommend both.
UV light and ozone might not be enough to eliminate 100% of the risk of UTI’s. Used in conjunction with other sanitizers along with your personal hygiene habits, should be extremely effective in calming any concerns about your health.
Remember to stay well hydrated, limit your time in the tub and use pH-friendly products. Everyone, especially women, will enjoy soaking in a soothing hot tub and feel perfectly safe and confident in preventing a urinary tract infection.
NOTE: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute online medical advice. Always contact your primary healthcare provider for any personal medical concerns.
